Gabatarwa

Kashi ɗaya ne mahimman ra'ayi a cikin ilimin lissafi waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagage dabandaban, daga kuɗi zuwa ilimi, lafiya, da kasuwanci. Kalmar kashi ta fito ne daga kalmar Latin kashi, wanda ke nufin da dari. Yana nufin juzu'in 100, da gaske yana nuna nawa daga cikin ɗari takamaiman ƙima ke wakilta. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu shiga cikin dabarar gano kaso, bincika misalai masu amfani, bincika yanayi dabandaban inda ake amfani da kashi, sannan mu tattauna shawarwarin yin aiki da kashi da kyau.

Tsarin Kashi Kashi

Tsarin dabara don ƙididdige kashi kai tsaye:

Kashi = (Sashe/Duk) × 100

<>inda:
  • Bayan ƙima ko adadin da kuke kwatantawa da duka.
  • Gabaɗaya jimlar ko cikakkiyar ƙima.
  • 100 shine mai ninkawa don canza juzu'in zuwa kashi.

Misali 1: Neman Kashi na Lamba

A ce kun ci 45 cikin 60 a gwaji, kuma kuna son nemo makin kashi. Amfani da tsarin kashi:

Kashi = (45 / 60) × 100 = 0.75 × 100 = 75%

Wannan lissafin yana nuna maka cewa ka sami kashi 75% a jarabawar.

Bambancin Maɓalli na Tsarin Kashi

Za a iya canza tsarin kashi na asali don dacewa da yanayi dabandaban. Waɗannan bambancebambancen suna da mahimmanci don magance matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da kashi kamar gano ɓangaren da aka ba da kashi da gabaɗaya ko nemo gaba ɗaya da aka bayar da kashi.

1. Nemo Bangaren Da Aka Ba Kashi Da Gabaɗaya

Wani lokaci, kun san kashi da jimillar ƙima, kuma kuna son tantance adadin adadin wannan adadin. Tsarin ya zama:

Kashi = (Kashi / 100) × Duk

Misali 2: Nemo Adadin Dalibai masu Daraja Ka yi tunanin ka san cewa kashi 25% na ajin ɗalibai 80 sun sami maki A. Don nemo ɗalibai nawa ne suka karɓi A:

Kashi = (25/100) × 80 = 0.25 × 80 = 20

Wannan yana nufin ɗalibai 20 sun sami maki A.

2. Nemo Gabaɗaya da aka Ba da Kashi da Sashe

A wasu lokuta, kuna iya sanin sashin da kashi, amma ba duka ba. Ƙididdigar da za a gano gaba ɗaya ita ce:

Duk = Sashe / (Kashi / 100)

Misali 3: Lissafin Jimillar Ma'aikata A ce ka san cewa mutane 40 a kamfani ne ke da kashi 20% na yawan ma'aikata. Don nemo jimillar adadin ma'aikata:

Gabaɗaya = 40 / (20 / 100) = 40 / 0.2 = 200

Don haka, kamfanin yana da ma'aikata 200 gabaɗaya.

Fahimtar Canjin Kashi

Wani muhimmin ra'ayi da ya haɗa da kashi shine canjin kashi. Canjin kashi dari yana auna iyakar girman da ƙima ta ƙaru ko raguwa dangane da ainihin ƙimarta. Tsarin canjin kashi shine:

Canjin Kashi = (Sabon Ƙimar Ƙimar Asali) / Ƙimar Asali × 100

Misali 4: Kashi Kashi

Idan farashin samfur ya karu daga $50 zuwa $65, zaku iya lissafin karuwar kashi kamar haka:

Ƙara Kashi = (65 50) / 50 × 100 = 15 / 50 × 100 = 30%

Don haka, farashin ya karu da kashi 30%.

Misali 5: Rage Kashi Kashi

Idan farashin samfur ya ragu daga $80 zuwa $60, raguwar kashi zai kasance:

Raguwar Kashi = (60 80) / 80 × 100 = 25%

Wannan yana nuna raguwar 25% a farashin samfurin.

Aikaceaikace na gamagari na Kashi

Kashi 100 suna ko'ina a rayuwar yau da kullum. Ga wasu wuraren gama gari inda ake yawan amfani da kashi:

1. Kudi da Tattalin Arziki Yawan Riba: A cikin banki da kuɗi, ana yawan bayyana ƙimar riba a matsayin kaso. Ko asusun ajiyar kuɗi ne ke samun riba ko rance yana tara riba, ana wakilta kuɗin kusan a matsayin kashi na babban adadin.

Misali 6: Tsarin Sha'awa Sauƙaƙa

Madaidaicin tsarin sha'awa shine:

Sauƙaƙan Sha'awa= (Babban kuɗi × Lokaci) / 100

Idan kun saka $1,000 akan ƙimar riba 5% na shekara ɗaya:

Shawara mai Sauƙi = (1000 × 5 × 1) / 100 = 50

Wannan yana nufin za ku sami $50 a cikin riba.

Misali 7: Ƙididdigar Rangwame

Ana siyar da rigar a $40 akan kashi 20% rangwame:

Rangwame= (20/100) × 40 = 8

Don haka, sabon farashin shine:

40 8 = 32

2. Maki da Jarrabawa

A duniyar ilimi, ana amfani da kaso da yawa don tantance aikin ɗalibi. Misali, jimlar makin dalibi a jarrabawa yawanci ana bayyana su azaman kashi na matsakaicin makin da zai yiwu.

Misali 8: Makin Jarabawa

Dalibi ya ci kashi 85 cikin 100 a jarrabawa. Don nemo kashi:

Kashi = (85/100) × 100 = 85%

3. Kiwon lafiya

A cikin kiwon lafiya, ana yawan amfani da kaso a kididdiga, rahotanni, da surveys. Misali, kaso na iya nuna adadin mutanen da wata cuta ta shafa, da ingancin magani, ko adadin allurar rigakafi.

Misali 9: Yawan Alurar rigakafi

Idan aka yiwa kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'umma alurar riga kafi, adadin rigakafin shine:

Kashi = (75/100) × 100 = 75%

4. Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci

A cikin kasuwanci, ana amfani da kaso don ƙididdige ribar riba, nazarin hannun jarin kasuwa, da tantance gamsuwar abokin ciniki.

Misali 10: Riba Riba

Idan kamfani ya sami $200,000 a cikin kudaden shiga kuma yana da $150,000 a farashi, ribar riba ita ce:

Riba = (200,000 150,000) / 200,000 × 100 = 25%

Wannan yana nufin kamfani yana da ribar kashi 25%.

Nasihu don Yin Aiki tare da Kashi

  • Mayar da Kashi zuwa Decimals: Wani lokaci yana iya zama da sauƙi a yi aiki tare da kashi ta hanyar canza su zuwa ƙima. Don canza kashi zuwa ƙima, raba shi da 100. Misali, 25% ya zama 0.25.
  • CrossNinka don Warware don Ba a sani ba:A cikin matsalolin da ake amfani da dabarar kashi, zaku iya hayeyawanyawan don warware ƙimar da ba a sani ba.
  • Mataki na Kashi vs. Kashi Kashi: Ku sani da bambanci tsakanin maki dari da kashi. Idan adadin ya karu daga kashi 4% zuwa 5%, karuwar maki 1 ne, amma karuwa ne da kashi 25 cikin 100 dangane da adadin asali.

Haɗin Riba da Kashi

Daya daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyin kuɗi inda ake amfani da kashikashi shine sha'awa. Yayin da sha'awa mai sauƙi tana ba da ƙididdiga madaidaiciya bisa ga babba, riba mai yawa tana la'akari da ribar da aka samu akan babba da kuma ribar da aka samu a baya, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka cikin sauri akan lokaci.

Tsarin madaidaicin sha'awa shine:

Compound Interest= P (1 r / n)nt

<>inda:
  • Shin adadin kuɗin da aka tara bayan shekaru, gami da riba.
  • Pis babban adadin (farkon saka hannun jari.
  • shine ƙimar riba ta shekara (a matsayin ƙima.
  • shine adadin lokutan da ake tara riba a kowace shekara.
  • shine adadin shekarun da aka saka kuɗin.

Misali 11: Haɗaɗɗen Ƙirar Sha'awa A ce kun saka $1,000 a cikin asusun ajiyar kuɗi wanda ke biyan riba 5% a kowace shekara. Don lissafin adadin bayan shekaru 5:

Yawan = 1000 (1 0.05 / 1)1 × 5= 1000 (1.05)5= 1000 × 1.27628 = 1276.28

Don haka, bayan shekaru 5, jarin ku zai ƙaru zuwa $1,276.28, wanda ya haɗa da $276.28 cikin riba.

Hanyar Sha'awa vs. Sauƙaƙan Sha'awa

Don fahimtar ikon haɗaɗɗiyar sha'awa, kwatanta shi da sha'awa mai sauƙi. Yin amfani da misalin guda ɗaya amma tare da sauƙin sha'awa:

Mai Sauƙaƙan Sha'awa= (1000 × 5 × 5) / 100 = 250

Tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi, za ku sami $250 kawai, yayin da tare da riba mai yawa, kuna samun $276.28. Bambancin na iya zama kamar ƙanƙanta da farko, amma a cikin dogon lokaci kuma tare da ƙimar riba mai yawa, bambancin ya zama mafi mahimmanci.