Umsunguli weSKS Microfinance: Vikram Akula

Isingeniso

ISKS Microfinance, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iBharat Financial Inclusion Limited, ingesinye sezikhungo zezimali ezincane ezihamba phambili eIndia. Isungulwe ngo1997, iSKS ibe semqoka ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zezezimali ezigidini zabantu abangalutholi usizo, ikakhulukazi abesifazane ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Owayehola lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile kwakunguVikram Akula, umbono wakhe nobuholi bakhe kwaguqula isimo sezimali ezincane eNdiya. Lesi sihloko sidingida ngempilo kaVikram Akula, ukusungulwa kweSKS Microfinance, ukuvela kwayo, kanye nomthelela wayo emkhakheni wezezimali ezincane kanye nomphakathi wonkana.

Vikram Akula: Impilo Yasebancane Nemfundo

UVikram Akula wazalwa ngo1972 emndenini owaziwayo wamaNdiya. Uhambo lwakhe lwemfundo lwaqala ekolishi elihlonishwayo iSt. Xavier's College eMumbai, lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe zeziqu zezomnotho. Waqhubekisela phambili izifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseChicago, wathola iziqu zeMasters kuSocial Science futhi kamuva waphishekela iPh.D. kwiSayensi Yezombangazwe esikhungweni esifanayo.

Ukuchayeka kukaAkula ezindabeni zezomnotho nezenhlalo phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzibophezeleni kwakhe kwezamabhizinisi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kwakuhlanganisa nohambo olubalulekile lokuya emaphandleni aseNdiya, lapho azibonela khona izinkinga zezezimali abampofu ababhekana nazo, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwabeka isisekelo semizamo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo kwezezimali ezincane.

Ukusungulwa kweSKS Microfinance

Ngo1997, ehlome ngombono wokunikeza amandla abantu abampofu, uAkula wasungula iSKS Microfinance. Le nhlangano ihlose ukuboleka imali encane emindenini ehola kancane, ikwazi ukuqala noma ukwandisa amabhizinisi amancane. Igama elithi SKS limele Swayam Krishi Sangam, okuhunyushwa kokuthi Iqembu Lokuziqasha, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwalo ekukhuthazeni ukuzimela.

Iminyaka yokuqala yayinzima; nokho, indlela kaAkula yayiyintsha. Wasebenzisa imodeli yeGrameen Bank eyakhiwe nguMuhammad Yunus eBangladesh, eyayigcizelela ukubolekwa kweqembu kanye nokwesekwa kontanga. Le modeli ayigcinanga nje ngokunciphisa ubungozi obuzenzakalelayo kodwa futhi yakhuthaza ukuhlangana komphakathi nokuhlomisa.

ISKS yethule izinqubo ezimbalwa ezintsha eziyehlukanisa nezikhungo ezibolekisayo zendabuko. Inhlangano igxile kulokhu:

• Ukubolekwa Kweqembu: Ababoleki bahlelwa baba amaqembu amancane, okubavumela ukuthi basekelane ekukhokheni.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabesifazane: Kwagcizelelwa kakhulu ukuboleka abesifazane, njengoba kwakunenkolelo yokuthi ukunika abesifazane amandla kwakuzoholela ekushintsheni okubanzi komphakathi.
• Ukufunda Ngezezimali: ISKS inikeze ukuqeqeshwa kwababolekayo mayelana nokuphathwa kwezimali, amakhono ebhizinisi, kanye nezamabhizinisi, iqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende ahlomele kahle ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa imali ebolekiwe ngempumelelo.

Lawa maqhinga awakhulisanga nje kuphela amanani okuthola imali ebolekiwe kodwa futhi akhuthaze umuzwa womphakathi nokuzibophezela phakathi kwababoleki.

Ukukhula Nokwanda

Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaVikram Akula, iSKS Microfinance ihlangabezane nokukhula okusheshayo. Maphakathi nawo2000s, iSKS yayisikhulise ukufinyelela kwayo kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezimbalwa zaseIndia, ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezigidini zamaklayenti. Inhlangano yaziwa ngemodeli yayo yokusebenza eqinile, ukubeka izinto obala, nokuzinikela ezinhlosweni zomphakathi.

Ngo2005, iSKS Microfinance yaba isikhungo sokuqala sezimali ezincane eIndia ukubhalisa njengenkampani yezezimali engeyona eyamabhange (iNBFC), esiyenza ikwazi ukufinyelela imithombo yoxhaso ebanzi. Lolu shintsho luphawule inguquko enkulu, evumela inhlangano ukuthi ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo futhi ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo samamboleko amancane.

Ngo2010, iSKS Microfinance yaphumela obala, okwenza kwaba isikhungo sokuqala sezimali ezincane eIndia ukwethula umnikelo wokuqala womphakathi (IPO. IIPO ibe yimpumelelo enkulu, yakhuphula cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu350 futhi yakhuphula kakhulu ukubonakala nokwethembeka kwenhlangano. Lokhu kukhushulwa kwezimali kwavumela iSKS ukuthi ithuthukise izinsizakalo zayo futhi yandise umlando wayo wendawo.

Izinselele nezingxabano

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, iSKS Microfinance ibhekane nezinselele ezimbalwa. Umkhakha wezezimali ezincane eIndia waqala ukubhekisiswa ngenxa yemibiko yokungena ezikweletini ngokweqile phakathi kwababolekayo kanye nemikhuba yokubolekisa engafanele yezinye izikhungo. Ngo2010, isimo esibucayi eAndhra Pradesh, lapho ukuzibulala okuningana kubikwa ukuthi kuxhunyaniswa nemikhuba ehlukumezayo yezimali ezincane, kwaletha ukunaka okungalungile embonini.

Ekuphenduleni lezi zinselele, iAkula igcizelele ukuboleka okunomthwalo wemfanelo futhi yamela izinhlaka eziqinile zokulawula ngaphakathi komkhakha. Wayekholelwa esidingweni sokuvikela amakhasimende kuyilapho eqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zezimali ezincane zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo.

Inkinga yeAndhra Pradesh iholele ezinguqukweni zokulawula ezibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezimali ezincane kulo lonke elaseIn.dia. IReserve Bank of India (RBI) yethule imihlahlandlela emisha ehloselwe ukuvikela ababolekayo kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo zokuboleka ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. ISKS Microfinance yajwayelana nalezi zinguquko ngokuqinisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekuzibophezeleni komphakathi, ithuthukise imfundo yamakhasimende, futhi icwenge izinqubo zayo zokuboleka.

Umthelela Womphakathi kanye Nefa

Umbono kaVikram Akula weSKS Microfinance wedlula izinsiza zezezimali; wayehlose ukudala umthelela wokuguqula umphakathi. Ukugxila kwenhlangano ekuthuthukisweni kwabesifazane kube nomthelela omkhulu emindenini nasemiphakathini. Ukufinyelela kumamicroloans kuye kwavumela abesifazane ukuthi baqale amabhizinisi, bafake isandla emalini engenayo yekhaya, futhi batshale imali emfundweni nasempilweni yezingane zabo.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma abesifazane belawula izinsiza zezezimali, bavame ukutshala imali eningi emindenini nasemiphakathini yabo. ISKS Microfinance inikeze abesifazane amandla abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu8, ithuthukisa kakhulu isimo sabo senhlalo kanye nokuzimela kwezomnotho. Lokhu kunikezwa amandla kunemiphumela emibi, ekhuthaza ukulingana ngobulili okukhulu nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.

Ngendlela yayo yokusungula, iSKS idlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukufakwa kwezezimali eIndia. Ngokunikeza ukufinyelela esikweletu, inhlangano isize ukukhipha abantu abaningi ebuphofini, okubenza bakwazi ukuphishekela amabhizinisi afaka isandla emnothweni wendawo.

Isiphetho

Ukusungulwa kukaVikram Akula kweSKS Microfinance kuphawule isikhathi esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimali ezincane eIndia. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe ekunikezeni amandla abantu abampofu ngezinsizakalo zezezimali kube nomthelela ohlala njalo ezimpilweni zezigidi. Nakuba izinselele zisekhona, ifa leSKS Microfinance liyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela osomabhizinisi bezenhlalakahle nezinhlangano ezilwela ukukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu kanye nentuthuko esimeme.

Emhlabeni oshintsha ngokushesha, umbono kaAkula wokudala umphakathi lapho ukufinyelela kwezezimali kutholakala kubo bonke abantu usalokhu ubalulekile kunangaphambili. Uhambo lweSKS Microfinance luwubufakazi bamandla okuqamba izinto ezintsha, ukuqina, kanye nenkolelo yokuthi izinsiza zezezimali zingaba namandla okwenza okuhle.

Imodeli Yokusebenza yeSKS Microfinance

Enhliziyweni yemodeli yokusebenza yeSKS Microfinance umqondo wokuboleka kweqembu, okudala inethiwekhi esekelayo phakathi kwababolekayo. Lapho abesifazane behlangana ndawonye ngamaqembu, abahlanganyeli nje umthwalo wemfanelo wezezimali kodwa futhi nenkundla yezenhlalo eqinisa ubuhlobo bomphakathi. Le modeli ikhuthaza ukuziphendulela, njengoba amalungu egqugquzelwa ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yomunye nomunye.

Isakhiwo sokuboleka kweqembu sivumela osayizi abancane, abalawulekayo bemalimboleko, okunciphisa ubungozi bomboleki. Amanani azenzakalelayo aphansi kakhulu kunalawo abonwa kumamodeli ajwayelekile okubolekisa. Ngokukhuthaza ukwesekana kanye nesibopho esihlangene, iSKS ihlakulele iecosystem eyingqayizivele lapho impumelelo yelungu elilodwa inomthelela empumelelweni yawo wonke umuntu.

ISKS Microfinance iphinde yasungula uhla lwemikhiqizo yezezimali eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende ayo. Le mikhiqizo idlula imalimboleko encane futhi ihlanganisa:

• Imalimboleko Yezizukulwane Ezingenayo: Izimalimboleko ezincane ezihloselwe ukusiza ababolekayo baqale noma bakhulise amabhizinisi.
• Izikweletu Eziphuthumayo: Izimalimboleko zokufinyelela ngokushesha eziklanyelwe ukusiza imindeni ibhekane nobunzima bezezimali obungalindelekile.
• Imikhiqizo Yokulondoloza: Ukukhuthaza isiko lokonga phakathi kwababolekayo, okubenza bakwazi ukwakha ukuqina kwezezimali.
• Imikhiqizo Yomshwalense: Ihlinzeka ngomshwalense omncane ukuze uvikele ababolekayo ezingozini ezingaphazamisa ukuzinza kwabo kwezezimali.

Ngokuhlukanisa imikhiqizo enikezwayo, iSKS ayigcini nje ngokukhuphula isisekelo samakhasimende kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ulwazi lwezezimali lwamakhasimende ayo.