Ukuconsa ubisi oluphoqiwe kubhekisela ekuvuzeni okungahlosiwe futhi okuvamise ukuvela ngokuzenzekelayo emabeleni, ngokuvamile kwabesifazane, kodwa kungenzeka emadodeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile. Nakuba igama elithi phoqelelwe lingase liphakamise isenzo samabomu, inqubo ngokuvamile ayizikhetheli, ibangelwa izimo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, amahomoni, noma zezokwelapha. Lesi simo singaba nemithelela engokomzwelo, yengqondo, nengokomzimba kulabo ababhekene naso, futhi ukuqonda izimbangela zako, ukuphathwa, kanye nokwelashwa okungase kube khona kubalulekile kubo bobabili abahlinzeki bezempilo nakubantu abathintekile.

IPhysiology of Lactation

Ngaphambi kokungena ekujuleni kobisi oluphoqelekile, kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo yempilo yokuncelisa. Kwabesifazane, ukuncelisa kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko amahomoni amabili: iprolactinandoxytocin. Iprolactin, ekhiqizwa yipituitary gland, ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kobisi kualveoli yezindlala zemammary. Uma ubisi selukhiqiziwe, ioxytocin, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ihomoni yothando,” yenza kube lula ukukhululwa noma “ukwehlisa” ubisi ngemibhobho eya ezingonweni lapho ukuncelisa kuqalwa noma ngisho nalapho umntwana ekhala. Le nqubo evamile ingase iphazamiseke noma ibe ihaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, okuholela ekuconseni kobisi ngempoqo.

1. Izinguquko Zehomoni Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Nangemva Kokubeletha

Ukuncelisa kuyingxenye yemvelo yokukhulelwa kanye nesikhathi sangemva kokubeletha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba ulungiselela ukuncelisa ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweprolactin, ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Kodwake, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amazinga eestrogen neprogesterone avimbela ukukhishwa kobisi. Lapho umntwana esezelwe futhi iplacenta isilethiwe, amazinga alawa mahormone ayehla, okuvumela iprolactin ikhuthaze ukukhishwa kobisi. Kwabanye besifazane, lokhu kungaholela ekukhiqizeni ubisi ngokweqile, okuholela ekubeni ubisi luconse ngisho nalapho bengaluncelisi. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yangemva kokubeletha, omama abaningi baba nokushukuma kokwehlisa noma ukuvuza kobisi ngokuzenzekelayo lapho amabele abo ejule noma lapho ingane yabo ikhala, okuqhubeka kube nesandla kulolu daba.

2. IGalactorrhea: Imbangela Eyisisekelo

Kwezinye izimo, ukuconsa kobisi ngempoqo kungaba umphumela wegalactorrhea, isimo lapho ubisi lukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibangelwa amazinga aphezulu eprolactin (hyperprolactinemia), okungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

  • AmaPituitary Tumors (Prolactinomas): AmaProlactinomas amathumba epituitary gland abangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kweprolactin, okuholela kugalactorrhea kanye nokuconsa kobisi okulandelayo.
  • Imithi: Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi iantipsychotic, antidepressants, nemithi yomfutho wegazi, ingakhuphula amazinga eprolactin njengomphumela ongemuhle, obangela igalactorrhea.
  • Hypothyroidism: Amazinga aphansi ehormone yegilo (hypothyroidism) angabangela indlala yepituitary ukuthi ikhiphe iprolactin eningi, okuholela ekuvuzeni kobisi.
  • Ukuvuselela Okungapheli Kwamabele: Ukugqugquzelwa okuphindaphindiwe kwamabele, noma ngabe ngokuncelisa, ukuhlolwa kwebele, noma ukwenza ucansi, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangele ukukhiqizwa kobisi kubantu abathintekayo.
3. Izimbangela Nezingcindezi Zengqondo

Ubuchopho budlala indima ebalulekile ekunceliseni, futhi ingcindezi noma ukukhathazeka kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela ekuconseni kobisi ngempoqo. Izimbangela ezingokomzwelo ezifana nokuzwa ingane ikhala (ngisho noma kungeyona ingane yomuntu) noma amazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka mayelana nokuncelisa kungase kushukumise ubuchopho ukuba bukhiphe ioxytocin, okuholela ekubeni ilehdown reflex yobisi.

Ubisi Oluphoqiwe Ukuconsa Emadodeni

Ngenkathi ukuncelisa kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nabesifazane, abesilisa bangathola ukuconsa kobisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lesi simo siyivelakancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile siwumphumela wokungalingani kwamahormone, ikakhulukazi amazinga aphezulu eprolactin. Kwabesilisa, iprolactinomas, ihypothyroidism, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efana namaantidepressants kungaholela kulesi simo. Ukwengeza, isifo sesibindi noma sezinso esingamahlalakhona singaphazamisa ukulawulwa kwamahomoni, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele amadoda abe nezimpawu zegalactorrhea.

Imithelela Yemizwelo Nangokwengqondo

Ukuvuza ubisi ngempoqo kungase kucindezele emoyeni nangokwengqondo. Abantu abangancelisi bangase bazizwe benamahloni noma bedidekile ngokuvuza, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ezindaweni zomphakathi noma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

1. Umthelela Kumfanekiso Womzimba kanye Nokuzibona ngokwakho

Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yengqondo yokuconsa ubisi ngempoqo usesithombeni somzimba kanye nokuzibona. Kwabesifazane, amabele avame ukuhlotshaniswa nobulili, ubufazi, futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile zokuphila, umama. Nokho, lapho ubisi lwebele luvuza ngokungalawuleki, lungaholela ekubeni nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ukulawula umzimba womuntu. Lo muzwa wokungalaleli komzimba ungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesithombe esibi somzimba futhi unciphise ukuzethemba.

2. Imithelela Yempilo Yengqondo: Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka

Ingcindezi yemizwa yokuphoqeleka ukuconsa kobisi nakho kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu okukhathazeka futhi, kwezinye izimo, nokudangala. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi komama abasha asebevele besengozini yezinselele zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha noma ukukhathazeka. Kulaba besifazane, ukuconsa ubisi ngempoqo kungase kukhulise imizwa yokungafaneleki noma ukwesaba mayelana nekhono labo lokunakekela ingane yabo.

3. Izinselelo Zenhlalo Nezobudlelwano

Imiphumela engokomzwelo yokuconsa ubisi ngempoqo kuvame ukunwebeka ekusebenzelaneni nomphakathi kanye nobudlelwano. Abantu abahlangabezana nalesi simo bangase bazizwe benamahloni ezimeni zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi uma ukuconsa kobisi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Komama abancelisa ibele, ukwesaba ukuvuza ezindaweni zomphakathi noma zomsebenzi kungaholela ekukhathazekeni ngisho nasekugwemeni izindawo zomphakathi.

Ukungenelela Kwezokwelapha kanye Nezinketho Zokwelapha Zokuconsa Ubisi Ngempoqo

1. Ukwelashwa Kwemithi

Kubantu abanokungalingani kwamahomoni, ikakhulukazi lawo afaka amazinga aphakeme eprolactin, imithi yokwelapha ngokuvamile iwumugqa wokuqala wokungenelela. IDopamine agonistiyikilasi lezidakamizwa ezisiza ukwehlisa amazinga eprolactin ngokuvuselela amadopamine receptors ebuchosheni. Le mithi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni iprolactinomas(izimila ezimbi zepituitary gland ezibangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kweprolactin) nezinye izimo ezihlobene nehyperprolactinemia.

2. Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa

Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho ukuconsa okuphoqelelwe ubisi kubangelwa inkinga yesakhiwo njengeprolactinoma engaphenduli emithini, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Inqubo yokuhlinzwa evame kakhulu yokukhipha iprolactinoma istranssphenoidal surgery, inqubo ehlasela kancane lapho udokotela ohlinzayo ekhipha isimila ngekhala. Le nqubo inezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa.

3. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nokuziphatha

Kwabanye abantu, ukuconsa ubisi ngempoqo kungase kulawulwe ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila elula. Lezi zinguquko zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ukuvuza kobisi kubangelwe ukugqugquzelwa kwebele ngokweqile noma ukuzwela okuphakeme komzimba kuprolactin neoxytocin. Amasu ahlanganisa:

  • Ukunciphisa ukukhuthazwa kwebele: Ukugqoka obhodisi abafakwe kahle, ukugwema izingubo ezimpintshayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukushukunyiswa kwamabele okuqondile kungaba amasu awusizo.
  • Ukulawula ingcindezi kanye nezinto ezibangela imizwa: Izindlela zokuphumula ezifana nokuzindla, ukuphefumula okujulile, nengqondo zingasiza ekulawuleni ukukhululwa kweoxytocin.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphedi ebele: Amaphedi webele angakwazi ukusiza ukulawula ukuvuza nokuvimbela ukuphoxeka ezindaweni zomphakathi.

Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Ukuconsa Ubisi Oluphoqelelwe

1. Ukuqapha Okujwayelekile Kwamazinga Amahomoni

Kubantu abanezimo ezibabeka phambili ekungalinganini kwamahormone, okufana neashypothyroidismorpolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ukuqapha njalo amazinga amahomoni kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezifana nokuconsa ubisi ngempoqo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile ukuze kuhlolwe iprolactin, ithyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), andestradiollevels, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ehlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini, ukuthamba kwebele, noma ukuvuza kobisi okungachazwanga.

2. Ukuphathwa Kwemithi

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi iantipsychotic, iantidepressants, nemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zesisu, ingakhuphula amazinga eprolactin futhi iholele ekuphoqeni kobisi. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangasebenza neziguli ukuhlonza eminye imithi engenabo lobu bungozi.

Izimo Zesiko Nomphakathi Ezizungeza Ukuconsa Ubisi Oluphoqelekile

1. Ukuncelisa Ibele Esidlangalaleni: Inkinga Ephikisiwe

Emasikweni amaningi, ukuncelisa ibele esidlangalaleni kuhlala kuyimpikiswano, futhi ukuconsa kobisi ngempoqo—ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ezindaweni zomphakathi—kungabhebhethekisa isigcwagcwa esihambisana nokuncelisa. Yize amanye amazwe eshaye imithetho evikela ilungelo lokuncelisa esidlangalaleni, izimo zengqondo zomphakathi zivame ukusala ngemuva kokuvikela okusemthethweni.

2. Ukuncelisa kanye Nobulili: Ukwandisa Ingxoxo

Isipiliyoni sokuconsa ubisi oluphoqelelwe emadodeni kuyinselele ikakhulukazi njengoba okulindelwe umphakathi ngobudoda ngokuvamile akukuvumeli ukuncelisa kwabesilisa. Kodwake, ukuconsa kobisi oluphoqiwe emadodeni kugqamisa uketshezi lwezinqubo zebhayoloji futhi kubekela inselele imikhuba yobulili yendabuko.

3. Iqhaza Lenkundla Yezokuxhumana Ekubumbeni Imibono

Izinkundla zokuxhumana seziyizindawo ezibalulekile zokwabelana ngolwazi oluhlobene nokuncelisa kanye nokuconsa ubisi ngenkani. Ukunyakaza okufana nokuthi#NormalizeUkuncelisaIbele kuye kwasiza ekuqwashiseni nasekusekeleni abantu abancelisa ibele, okuhlanganisa nalabo abahlangabezana nezinselele njengokuconsa ubisi ngempoqo. Imiphakathi ekuinthanethi ihlinzeka ngokusekela kanye nobumbano kubantu ababhekene nalokhuinguqulo.

Isiphetho: Indlela Ephelele Yokulawula Ukuconsa Ubisi Ngempoqo

Ukuconsa ubisi oluphoqiwe yisimo esithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, nangokwenhlalo. Ukuqonda izimbangela zalesi simokusuka ekungalingani kwehormonal kuya ekucindezelekeni kwengqondokubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu okwelapha asebenzayo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuqaphela izici ezibanzi zamasiko nezenhlalo ezishintsha indlela ukuconsa kobisi okuphoqelelwe okubonakala futhi kwenzeka ngayo.

Ngokuthatha indlela ephelele ebhekana nezici zezokwelapha nezomzwelo zokuconsa ubisi oluphoqelekile, abahlinzeki bezempilo banganikeza ukunakekelwa okubanzi kakhulu kubantu abathintekile yileso simo. Ukwengeza, ukukhuthaza izingxoxo ezivulekile mayelana nokuncelisa, ukuncelisa, kanye nobulili kungasiza ekwehliseni ihlazo elihambisana nokuconsa ubisi ngempoqo futhi kudale indawo ebandakanya bonke abantu abahlangabezana nalesi simo.

Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi labo abathola ubisi oluphoqelekile baconsa bazizwa besekelwe, beqondwa, futhi benikezwe amandla okufuna ukunakekelwa abakudingayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokungenelela kwezokwelapha, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, noma ukwesekwa komphakathi, ukulawula ukuconsa kobisi ngempoqo kungenzeka—futhi ngezinsiza ezifanele, abantu bangaphinde balawule imizimba yabo nempilo yabo.